CVE-2025-48372: Schule Has Insecure OTP Length, is Susceptible to Brute-Force Attacks
Description
Schule is open-source school management system software. The generateOTP() function generates a 4-digit numeric One-Time Password (OTP). Prior to version 1.0.1, even if a secure random number generator is used, the short length and limited range (1000–9999) results in only 9000 possible combinations. This small keyspace makes the OTP highly vulnerable to brute-force attacks, especially in the absence of strong rate-limiting or lockout mechanisms. Version 1.0.1 fixes the issue.
Classification
CVE ID: CVE-2025-48372
CVSS Base Severity: MEDIUM
CVSS Base Score: 6.6
CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
Problem Types
CWE-521: Weak Password RequirementsAffected Products
Vendor: schule111
Product: Schule
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)
EPSS Score: 0.05% (probability of being exploited)
EPSS Percentile: 16.91% (scored less or equal to compared to others)
EPSS Date: 2025-06-19 (when was this score calculated)
References
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48372https://github.com/schule111/Schule/security/advisories/GHSA-6c48-67xx-vqgc
https://github.com/schule111/Schule/commit/cd53abbea93943f2c60a5281d45bebadc57636b7