Description

A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request privileges to inject compromised artifacts from an untrusted environment into trusted production environments without detection. 

The vulnerability exploits a fundamental design flaw in the "first-to-cache wins" principle, where artifacts built in untrusted environments (feature branches, pull requests) can poison the cache used by trusted environments (protected branches, production deployments). 

This attack bypasses all traditional security measures including encryption, access controls, and checksum validation because the poisoning occurs during the artifact construction phase, before any security measures are applied.

Classification

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36852

CVSS Base Severity: CRITICAL

CVSS Base Score: 9.4

CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/S:P/AU:Y/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Red

Affected Products

Vendor: Niklas Portmann, Nx

Product: Azure Based Remote Cache Plugin for Nx, Minio Based Remote Cache Plugin for Nx, Nx Remote Cache Utilities, AWS S3 Remote Cache Plugin for Nx, GCS Remote Cache Plugin for Nx, Azure Blob Remote Cache Plugin for Nx, Shared File System Cache Plugin for Nx

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

EPSS Score: 0.04% (probability of being exploited)

EPSS Percentile: 9.99% (scored less or equal to compared to others)

EPSS Date: 2025-06-17 (when was this score calculated)

Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC)

SSVC Exploitation: none

SSVC Technical Impact: total

SSVC Automatable: false

References

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-36852
https://nx.app/files/cve-2025-06

Timeline