An integer overflow can be triggered in SQLite’s `concat_ws()` function. The resulting, truncated integer is then used to allocate a buffer. When SQLite then writes the resulting string to the buffer, it uses the original, untruncated size and thus a wild Heap Buffer overflow of size ~4GB can be triggered. This can result in arbitrary code execution.
CVE ID: CVE-2025-3277
CVSS Base Severity: MEDIUM
CVSS Base Score: 6.9
CVSS Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
Vendor: SQLite
Product: concat_ws()
EPSS Score: 0.06% (probability of being exploited)
EPSS Percentile: 18.98% (scored less or equal to compared to others)
EPSS Date: 2025-04-18 (when was this score calculated)